External temperatures affect all animals, especially those that do not maintain constant internal body temperatures. Moisture control assists in preventing excessive dehydration of the product stored (Panda, 1986). Roughages are feedstuffs that are high in fiber content and naturally high in energy while concentrates are feedstuffs that are low in fiber and contains all the required nutrients for animal growth. Species - Genetic factor ... -refers to an animals growth after a period of nutritional stress-rate of growth is often greater than that exhibited by same animal during normal growth Simple stomached animals like poultry birds etc., cannot utilize roughages due to their high fiber content thus, decreasing its digestibility greatly and rendering it unproductive. Moreover, dirty workers hands, clothes and equipments of the slaughterhouse and at the market by retailers act as intermediate sources of contamination of meat (Gill, 1998; Gilmour et al., 2004; AbdelSadig, 2006; Abdalla et al., 2009). With Rabbinical approval some premises have adopted a post-cut stun for cattle. Limiting Factors. Variations in the duration of the period of anagen are also likely to be partially responsible for this effect. PRECIPITATION: It is the falling of water in droplets on the Earth from clouds. The multiple asexual reproductions of animals bearing desirable traits can thus be anticipated, although this is not yet practical on a commercial scale. However, it is also rich in Thiamin and Pantothenic Acid. If you need assistance with writing your essay, our professional essay writing service is here to help! For preserved meat the opposite may be the case, where micro-organisms have been eliminated. The development of many present British breeds was due to the early improvements initiated by Bakewell in the middle of the eighteenth century, who introduced in-breeding, the use of proven sires, selection and culling (Lawrie, 1991). Numerous physical, biological and socio-economic factors interact to influence the nature and extent of animal agriculture practiced in any region. Gill (1998) stated that fresh beef in intact carcass is not severely contaminated except for its surfaces and skinning. Controlled temperature assists in preventing quality loss and maintaining shelf life of the product. This is a process of preserving meat. Lawrie (1991) reported that domestication of cattle followed the establishment of settled agriculture about 5000 B.C. CLIMATIC FACTORS AFFECTING GROWTH . Zeigler (1966) reported that veterinary inspection should be the priority when animals are being slaughtered since it will be proven whether animals are free from any diseases. The normal micro flora from the skin of carcasses includes Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli and organisms of fecal origin (Cross and Overby, 1988). As the world is moving faster towards industrialization and digital technology, different species of animals including birds, cattle animals, mammals, reptiles are jeopardized. Experimental reproductive cloning of commercially important meat animals such as sheep, pig or cattle has been successful. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Registered Data Controller No: Z1821391. Care must be taken in removing the intestines, as an unintentional incision may result in the distribution of fecal bacteria onto carcass possibly contaminating the beef (Borch and Arinder, 2002). Dressing involves the opening of the carcass to remove the internal organs (Beinempaka et al., 1990). There are several factors which directly or indirectly influence the growth and development of an organism. Free resources to assist you with your university studies! Therefore, animal protection and preservation are the utmost important issues faced by the world today. Season of birth and occurrence of diarrhea, septicemia and respiratory disease were significant variables decreasing heifer growth (height and … CLIMATIC FACTORS AFFECTING GROWTH IN PLANT AND ANIMAL SPECIES - INTERNAL - EXTERNAL BIOLOGY EXTERNAL FACTOR. Therefore selection of curing formulation is extremely important while using it, as long as large amounts of salt or spice will mask the flavour of meat. Internal factors include heredity, enzymes, and … Smoking helps in preserving beef by acting as an antioxidant, bactericidal agent and providing a protective covering on the surface. There are also density-independent factors which affect populations regardless of their density. The microbiological contamination of carcasses occurs mainly during processing and manipulation, such as skinning, evisceration, storage and distribution at slaughterhouses and retail establishments (Gill, 1998; Abdalla et al., 2009). Also, handling and storage of beef contribute effectively to meat contamination (Beinempaka et al., 1990). 31st Jul 2018 The level of restraint required to expose the throat, perform an effective cut and hold the animal still until it has bled out is greater than is needed for conventional slaughter. They also reported that adequate bleeding is essential to reduce meat spoilage since blood is a good source of moisture and nutrition for most of the contaminating organisms. A delicate and dynamic balance which exists between the biotic and abiotic environment is called ecosystem. Contamination of beef from the moment of bleeding until consumption is from microbial to physical contamination. Recessive genes are thought to be responsible in both cases (Lawrie, 1991). Abiotic components of ecosystem consist of non-living components. However, minute quantities of Calcium and Manganese are also present. The ecological factors that affect the growth of plants and determine the nature of plant communities are divided into three types. The mechanical and manual ones are normally done at the abattoirs. You can view samples of our professional work here. Wardlaw, (2000) stated that, a lean beef adds to health benefits related to heart and prevention of cancer. The Welfare of Animals (Slaughter or Killing) Regulations 1995 (as amended) (WASK) require that all animals are stunned before slaughter, using the methods of stunning prescribed by the Regulations, subject to specific exemptions. Genes determine around 80% of a person's height, but environmental factors can also affect it. There is the tendency to use milder preservation methods either because of energy saving, because of consumers’ preference for mildly cured or cooked products, or their desire for having more fresh beef products or because of an aversion to the use of preservatives (Panda, 1995). Animal and plant populations depend on many things for survival. VAT Registration No: 842417633. The factor which affects the growth of the population in the biggest way is the fertility rate. Did you know that the nutrition you get as you're growing can affect how big you get? light may also control breeding cycles in animals and plants. This involves using a sharp knife to deskin the animal while the machine pulls the skin off the animal. Heat is a very detrimental factor in livestock production, especially during high humidity; when animals are heat stressed, they become restless and their productivity is impaired greatly. This is not an example of the work produced by our Essay Writing Service. If you have poor nutrition while growing up, you'll be smaller than if you get lots of good nutrition. The Muslim method of slaughter (Halal) is, in many respects, similar to Shechita. The climatic factors include water, light, temperature, relative humidity, air and wind. The source of these organisms is not clearly understood but in addition to contamination from the skin and intestines, equipments and tools during slaughter and selling of beef may be responsible for some contamination. The growth and development of meat animals depend on several factors like environment, management practices, and genetics. Beef is good for bones and teeth. Different scientific and artificial factors affects the growth rate of animals. This process of deskinning is done manually or mechanical and manual at the same time. Various types of primary and secondary containers as well as flexible material are being used for packing beef products. The fertility rate is typically measured by the number of children per one woman of child-bearing age. Oxygen availability – affects the rate of energy production by respiration. Panda, (1986) reported that the amount of blood drained out from different types of birds vary depending on the stunning technique and physiological condition of the cattle. Growth is seldom random. This improves juiciness and tenderness. Ho… In Factors affecting the survival of newborn lambs (ed. Fecal matter was a major source of contamination and could reached carcasses through direct deposition, as well as by indirect contact through contaminated and clean carcasses, equipment, workers, installations and air (Borch and Arinder, 2002). If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Beef is a perishable product and may cause public health concerns. 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