Fifteen of seventeen city contractors agreed to these conditions. Experienced men earned between $3.00 and $4.50 daily.30, Labor organizations became active for the 1887 elections. Harrison Smith at thirty-nine was an unmarried farmer who lived with another farmer and two farm laborers in Cajon Township. And we need you. The Butterfield Overland Mail (History Wells Fargo) stage coachroute), and later the Southern Pacific Railroad both made use of Gadsden land. Saturdays and Sundays Wage statements give insight to a certain worker hierarchy on the railroad. Over-indebtedness, competition with the collapse of rates, and overextension often led to poor returns. Harrison Smith was a car cleaner at the depot. The union came to their aid, but also placed notices in the national union journal, the Philadelphia Carpenter, which described the overcrowded condition for carpenters. The section men were little removed from day laborers, and the similarity in pay supports this. Patterson, W.E. Unions began to take an active role in San Diego at the end of 1886. 619-232-6203. Pay may have been related to the strength of the carpenter and railroad Brotherhood unions. The railroad shops in National City were the pride of their town. The fireman and the engineer shared the locomotive cabin: Seldom does a word pass between the driver and the fireman in the road … apart from the noise in the cab, which makes conversation difficult, each has his duties to attend to, and these take up his whole attention. The fireman had to watch the color of the smoke. These buildings looked very much like brick row houses found in Philadelphia. We’re doing everything possible while we’re closed to sustain the Southern California Railway Museum and continue to ensure the health and safety of our employees and volunteers. Salvatore, Eugene V. Debs, p. 77; also John R. Commons, History of Labour In the United States, Vol. A car went from the blasting site to dump the dirt down the deep gorges. His occupation was farmer. Lamb, J.F. Please see our EVENTS page for departure times and ticket information. Niles Canyon Railway Sunol, California. On file at University of California, San Diego. Trains running at the California Southern Model Railroad club(CSMRC). closed at 12:00 Noon on Christmas Eve and New Year’s Eve. Twice, the tracks flooded out in Temecula Canyon, the last time in 1891 when service south ended. Engineers held a tremendous responsibility. Moving heavy equipment and machinery by hand was a dangerous business. The Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad was one of the most powerful railroads in the country. That December the California Southern ordered ten new engines from Baldwin Locomotive works in Philadelphia. Founded in 1865, the Southern Pacific (SP) was originally created as a rail line from San Francisco to San Diego. Migratory patterns of the heads of household and farm laborers give evidence of the newness of National City. Six of the injuries occurred while trainmen attempted to couple or uncouple cars. On February 10 George Eby was burned about his face and body. Franklin Hoyt, “San Diego’s First Railroad: The California Southern,” Pacific Historical Review (Vol. The California Southern Railroad was a subsidiary railroad of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway in Southern California. San Diego Union, November 2, 1888, November 3, 1888. Companies must pledge not to hire Chinese labor. The United States bought the Gadsden Purchase, portion forming the southern parts of (Arizona and New Mexico south of the Gila River) from Mexico in 1853 to have a snow-free route between California and the rest of the United States. The Union printed occasional first-hand descriptions of railroad construction. The union stated that no others should use the cheap railroad rates to come to San Diego. A rival contractor, Quong Fat Xin offered them ten cents more for an hourly wage if they would agree to work for him. Nick Salvatore, Eugene V. Debs; Citizen and Socialist, (Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1982), p. 73-77. California Commission Reports, 1888, p. 143. 1649 El Prado, Suite #3 San Diego, CA 92101, For research questions: Join our community of passionate train and trolley lovers!! . You can still help if you can’t donate at this time. San Diego County Directory, 1886-1887, at San Diego History Center Research Archives. The predominant occupation listed is farmer. Meetings, Lectures & Workshops – History Center. Part II provides glimpses of the railroad’s workforce, and conditions of life on the line. The contractors guaranteed a certain number of workers, paid for their passage and frequently provided them with food. On March 15 the firemen and engineers of the Santa Fe walked to support the Burlington strike.32. Subsequently they gradually moved the management offices and machine shops of the railroad to San Bernardino in order to have greater leverage in the competition for the Los Angeles shipping and transport business. All Rights Reserved. A large percentage of the other occupations were subsidiary to farming. The Hotel del Coronado used non-union labor. He listed his occupation as locomotive engineer. At the National City shops carpenters were needed for bridge building, completion of the wharf and car construction. Ah Quin came to the United States from Canton at the age of twenty in 1868. The census listing for National City proper enumerates 44 dwellings with a total of 139 persons in 1880. Another brakeman sprained an ankle and a switchman had his hip bone fractured. San Diego Union, October 3, 1881; December 4, 1886; February 28, 1888. Dolan Eargle, Jr., TICKETS PLEASE … : All about California Railroads (San Francisco: California Living Books, 1979), p. 44. the railroad. Nine laborers. California State Railroad Museum Foundation makes no warranties, expressed or implied, and hereby disclaims and negates all other warranties, including without limitation, implied warranties or conditions of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or non-infringement of intellectual property or other violation of rights. Enjoy! . No need to register, buy now! Nominal linkages of names are always difficult. 5. Train and Trolley tickets are now available ONLINE. 28. The piles are loaded to a carriage and run into the tube, One end of the tube is fitted with a door that screws up tight on rubber gaskets. Middlebrook, “The Chinese at Sorrento,” San Diego History Center Quarterly, (January, 1964), p. 10. The Order of Railway Conductors also remained loyal to the line. In June of the following year an order to reduce the payment of baggagemen and brakemen by $5 per month was rescinded: This action of General Manager Dan McCool has made him very popular with the boys, and they are now ready to swear by him.38. 4. R.P. The previous chart clearly shows that the California Southern paid wages generally well above the average. Ah Quin arrived in San Diego that November. One widowed farmer lived with his daughter, son-in-law and two boarders. P.B. . The Southern California Railway Museum has re-opened its campus and outdoor exhibits as of Saturday, May 30th, 2020. Building construction began in order to house the skilled mechanics, carpenters and engineers of the line. Whitehouse, ed., Railway Anthology, “Locomotive Engine Driving,” from the Locomotive Magazine, 1904, Shepperton, Surrey, c. 1965, Ian Allan, p. 20-21. Carpenters also worked with the labor force on bridge construction. . They form an odd contrast to the surrounding stucco and plaster houses.3, The directories are most useful for describing the numerous occupations and jobs performed by railroad workers. Railway Historical Society of San Diego, The Dispatcher, May 16, 1964, Issue #46. II (New York: Macmillan Co., 1921), p. 474-5. San Diego, CA 92101, For general inquiries: Chinese labor was obtained through a contracting system. 9, 24. The strike on the California Southern became official on March 16, 1888. Nine men are listed as car cleaners, four as engineers and switchmen, three as machinists and car inspectors, and two each as car repairers, engine cleaners, blacksmiths and brakemen. info@sandiegohistory.org Some of the buildings that … Virginia, Pennsylvania and Connecticut come next with two each. Grounds: 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM every day except Thanksgiving and Christmas; Frank Kimball erected a block of connected two story brick apartments, ostensibly to house officials of the railroad. 24. Only the mail trains were moved to forestall government interference, On March 20 the Santa Fe ordered the dismissal of all but the necessary personnel along the lines. ], All agreed to a platform which stated that all wealth other than natural wealth was a product of labor. . This simple transference of energy from a straight moving piston to a circular moving wheel needed a tremendous knowledge of rotational energy, torque and gear systems. These two primary demands were to abolish the classification of engineers and firemen as apprentices during their first three years of work even though they performed full jobs. 29. As part of the initial land grant proposal to the Santa Fe, Frank Kimball had proposed to lay aside 225 acres of land for the building of the railroad shops. The fireman is so busy attending the fire, water and lubrication that he has no time for anything else except to look out for signals as much as he can. 8. San Diego Union, September 1, 1886; August 26, 1887. The California Southern Railroad was a subsidiary railroad of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway (Santa Fe) in Southern California. They had migrated from ten states and four foreign countries. Directly across the bridge was the site of the former California Southern Depot and tracks. 1956 Western Pacific Railroad Life of a Train Dispatcher Railway Work Crew WP. John Patterson, aged twenty, was head of a household, with a young wife, aged nineteen, and three month old daughter. The first improvement was the ‘knuckle coupler’, an automatic coupling device, which looked like two closed hands.27 The second improvement was a change in car design. Sometimes they would all ride the cart downhill.15. Life on the California SouthernLabor Force, Work and Unions. The construction of the California Southern and the initial investment of millions of dollars into the railroad by Eastern capitalists led to an influx of workers into San Diego. Part I described briefly the history of the struggle by the founders of San Diego to have a railroad constructed with a San Diego terminus. On October 22, 1887, Charles Whitehead, switchman, pulled the coupling pin and had his hand crushed. The following is an example of the listing in the 1886-87 directory: John Fitzgerald, foreman, Railroad shops, 7th Ave.T. Irene Phillips, National City, Pioneer Town, (National City: South Bay Press, 1960), p. 27. By the end of March the Burlington had replaced most of its striking men. $8.00 + shipping . This increased the road force to 150 men.21. Fred T. Perris was born in England about the year 1836. The government must protect individuals from monopolies. California Southern Railroad Museum is a California Domestic Corporation filed on May 26, 1964. The Southern Pacific Company was formed in 1865 to link S… They picked and blasted the rock of the canyons and carried away the debris in baskets.17 The Union describes one such blasting procedure: The big cut on the second summit was 54 feet high, 18 feet wide at the bottom and 45 feet wide at the top. The railroad could not hire new brakemen for the engineers claimed they would not drive the trains with a ‘scab crew.’ The workers remained on the company grounds and played baseball while waiting for the problems to be resolved.37. The Brotherhoods had been at odds with the Knights of Labor since a strike by the Knights against the Philadelphia and Reading railroad two months earlier. The directors of the Santa Fe realized that Los Angeles was the marketing center of Southern California. . The California Southern Model Railroad Club, located in Norwalk, CA, is an HO scale layout in progress for the enjoyment of its members, but the public is always welcome. His chores were to stoke the boiler fires in order to keep the engine pressure high. Life on the railroad was dirty, dangerous and fraught with accidents, but the California Southern paid their skilled workers well-often 8 to 20% above the average wage for these crafts. Please visit our COVID-19 GUIDANCE page for more information. Find Southern Pacific Railroad jobs in California. [The other represented unions were the Typographical Union; Colored Man’s Union; Plumbers and Gasfitters Union; Painters Union; Hod Carrier’s Union; Tailors Union; Expressman’s Union. San Diego City Directory, 1886-1887, pt. They had hoped that the railroad would make their city the major southern California port and a rival to San Francisco for international shipping. In accordance with the orders from the Governor’s office and the Health Officer of the County Of Riverside, our indoor exhibits and car barns remained closed, and SCRM has adopted new guidelines for visitors. However limited violence was once threatened. $18.50. The California Southern Railroad was a "subsidiary" of the Santa Fe Railroad that served between Barstow, CA and National City, CA. Three men were injured attempting to board a moving engine. In times like this, we’re reminded of how interconnected we all are. The most intriguing boarder was N.B. Over 50% of the men listed their occupations as farmers. Located in the heart of Balboa Park 14. He was born in New Hampshire, and his wife Christiana was born in nearby Maine. Ninety-seven of those listed (42%) worked in some capacity for the railroad. Railroad proceeds help fund Museum and Foundation projects and initiatives. The most powerful unions were the Longshoremen’s union, Carpenters union and the Knights of Labor. The ‘link and pin’ was the earliest type of coupling. This led to trains no longer appearing as separate cars, but as one long jointed snake. But the boom in San Diego enabled full employment for carpenters. 8, Following the superior role of the engineer was that of the master mechanic and major builder in the machine shops. Master Mechanic Boutelle and station agent Allen attempted to run a switch engine in the National City Yards: a delegation of the striking engineers waited upon them and threatened to throw them into the bay if they did not get off the engine.35, By March 21 the strike had been called off on the Santa Fe line and the California Southern. by Summer Furzer | Jan 1, 1986 | | 0 comments, The Journal of San Diego History San Diego History Center Now! Overwhelmingly the highest paid worker was the engineer. This action illustrates how unions and employers spread knowledge of job openings throughout the nation. The brakemen complained that this violated the usual order of promotions. California Southern Railroad - Visible Remnants. Sixty individuals listed their oc- cupations on the 1880 census. The Railway Association of Southern California was formed in 1996 for the purpose of bringing together railroad professionals in the Southern California area, dedicated to promoting the diverse professions within the railroad industry and sponsoring fellowship among railroad professionals. It’s official! A 30,000 gallon water tank had been constructed to provide water for the machine shops. Please make a one-time donation or support SCRM annually with monthly giving, if you can. Advocate for us by sharing our mission with family members and friends. Free shipping . At the hey-day of the shops from 1886-1888, they had the capacity to completely overhaul locomotive engines. Sons of farmers listed themselves as farmers. Everyone’s favorite time of year is right around the corner. A quick mention on your social media would mean the world to us. Twenty-nine accidents occurred on the rails of the California Southern that year. Volunteer opportunities are plentiful for most ages and abilities. Railroad manufacture and maintenance was a complex job. The creosoting plant was built to protect the new wharf from the ravages of the toredo. These occupations can be separated into three general categories: those who worked on the trains, those who worked in the machine shops or on the rails, and those in administrative positions. The next month the Santa Rosa steamed into San Diego with 211 passengers; 139 were Chinese laborers and they pushed the on line work force close to 800 men. Our community needs us more than ever. The shops also employed a boiler maker, boiler washer, hostler and car porter.4. Lamb was fifteen and Higgins fourteen, Both were listed as at school. It operates over Southern Pacific Railroad (SP) tracks (now Union Pacific Railroad) under a long-term lease.. Other accidents on the line were diverse and seem not to have been caused by any particular tricky flaw in railroad design. He worked on the Union Pacific Railroad in the 60's, then settled in San Bernardino in 1874. Learn how your donation, large or small, can help protect and preserve Southern California’s Railway history. The diagram for a steam distribution system, on the next page, indicates the sophistication of railroad machinists. The engineers, mechanics and carpenters composed a labor aristocracy, while the Chinese laborers suffered the least pay and job security. The strike failed, but the loss of funds by the railway was so great that railroad management attempted to forestall serious strikes through the remainder of the century.36, A local two day strike occurred on the California Southern at the end of 1888. He also suggested that the best way to punish the Burlington railway would be to help its competitors.34. Thirty-one farmers. Boarding rooms and the hotels were all full. These examples reveal traditional housing patterns of families or recreation of a family setting by taking in boarders or relatives. Higgins, and W.F. California Southern Model Railroad Club, HO scale model train club located in Norwalk, California. This Overpass Turbo queryidentifies the scope of the work yet to do by displaying unreviewed (or "less reviewed") TIGER rail in California (as of early 2020, ~1900 ways). The strike was held in an amiable atmosphere as both the Santa Fe and the local Brotherhood waited for word to resume work. In order to become a first class driver a man must almost live on the engine till he becomes like a part of it, and he must run over the line till he knows it so well that he could tell where he is and at what speed he is running at any moment, even if blindfolded.6. The engineers in National City waited to hear from the Brotherhood headquarters in San Bernardino. Andrew Griego, ed., “Rebuilding the California Southern Railroad: The Personal Account of a Chinese Labor Contractor, 1884,” Journal of San Diego History (Fall, 1979), p. 327-337. People slept in tents and rented rooms in hallways by the night.2 The major boarding houses were in San Diego and it is possible that the railroad employees lived there. Some were sent to work on the extension to the Atlantic & Pacific. One week earlier they gave an order to accept no perishable freight. The dispute between the Brotherhoods of Locomotive Engineers and Firemen began with the Burlington line in 1886. Niles Canyon Railroad operates along a portion of the First Transcontinental Railroad … Much of the right-of-way graded and used by the California Southern is still in use. 10. We have to adapt quickly to the changing reality of these uncertain times. Though an occupation of relative importance, the firemen were paid practically the same as day laborers. Train and Trolley tickets are now available ONLINE. A grade of over 140 feet per mile was required for three miles, the summit being 970 feet in elevation.19. The completion of the railroad and the selling of San Diego by the Land and Town Company led to significant land development and the emergence of San Diego as a modern city. Indeed the engineers, machinists and carpenters did make up an aristocracy of labor. In its heyday, the Southern Pacific was the most powerful company in California. The populations of San Diego and National City swelled considerably with the influx of labor to work on the railroad. The rails were laid at a rate of 3/4 of a mile each day. Interestingly, all three suffered a ‘crushed foot.’ There may be a correlation between the foot bar to the engine and the location of the locomotive wheels. The stockholders in roads, canals and railways often discovered that the holders of the property near the improved sources of transportation prospered while the transportation services did not. Ride streetcars, interurban electric cars, and trains on the Museum railway. Black smoke kept to a minimum meant that he was not wasting coal. It was composed of: ” . The carpenters followed later to complete the permanent structure. Workers for the California Southern repeatedly claimed that they had no problems with the local railroad, but had to strike through sympathy with their fellow workers: … we are like all other people who are bound together by the ties of friendship … the railroads of this country cannot compel us to go to work so long as they mistreat our members in any portion of the country.33, General Manager Dan McCool of the California Southern countered with a memo which claimed that the engineers had violated their contract with the Santa Fe by striking without the agreed 30 days notice. Los Angeles took predominance and in the end San Diego became merely another station on the trunk lines of Los Angeles. The Burlington strike was the first great work stoppage by any of the Brotherhoods. Several structures built for or by the railroad, or in some cases their remains, can still be seen. 11. This was to create a standard rate of pay with a basic day being 100 miles run. A great hazard in the early trains was the swaying of the back platform at high speeds and the violent bumping between cars when brought to an abrupt stop. Glen S. Dumke, The Boom of the Eighties in Southern California (San Marino: The Huntington Library, 1966), pp. The labor camp at Temecula canyon housed over 2000 men. California Railroad Pinback Solid Metal Patina Finish Railway Southern Pacific. Our museums and archives are temporarily closed to support the effort to contain the spread of the COVID-19 virus. Any neglect on the part of the fireman … lands the driver in difficulties for steam supply.7, The fireman had to be careful not to feed too much coal at once. We’re usually funded by ticket sales, gift store sales, venue rentals, and donor support. In September the Carpenters Union decided on a nine hour work day. Smith, aged sixteen, the first male of eight children, was listed as a laborer. In 1888 the earnings of the railroad had fallen off. III, p. 4. Active and abandoned railroads in the Golden State. Hired help were recorded as farm laborers. 39. Some lines are not shown - most freight spurs, temporary logging spurs, urban street car lines, and modern transit of any sort. A list of grievances was presented to the general manager, and a strike was averted by the meeting of all demands save the two major ones. In the construction of locomotive engines precision measurements were needed to maintain the pressurized boiler system, and the gear ratios which transmitted the power of the pistons to the forward motion of the wheels. Western clothing Burlington Railway would be to help its competitors.34 Pullman company, the... Became official on March 16, 1964 in boarders or relatives was very scarce in National City to... Block of connected two story brick apartments, ostensibly to house officials the! Large percentage of the COVID-19 virus the former California Southern railroad Museum is a off. The Eighties in Southern California Norwalk, California and asked the local Union for support its File Number is.... Striking men census listing for National City: south Bay Press, 1982 ), p. 73-77 in many of... Learned to speak English eight children, was listed as a laborer water for the 1888 report unions. A vast population expansion and land boom as men came to the strength the... The smokestack unions were the first major strike by employees of the workforce is limited descriptions... Expenses in procuring and transporting the workers.25 a rival to San Diego History Center now burnt coal, remainder! For my railroad the California Southern did not mirror the growth of the California Southern became official March... The Californi Southern 1964 ), pp thirty coal cars to his men on the railroad had contracted an. That he was educated at a Christian Missionary school and learned to speak English 2, the! 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By 1877, the tracks flooded out in Temecula Canyon housed over men. ( January, 1964, Issue # 46 the engineer was that of the men appear as inhabitants. Take an active role in San Bernardino called in sick maker, boiler washer, and! Construction began in order to accept no perishable freight personal letters and newspaper accounts workers! Made it impervious to the United States, Vol railroad shops in National City the prevention of bumping between lessened. End frame City the major Southern California page, indicates the sophistication of railroad machinists the... Strike was the worst paid s first railroad: the California State railroad Museum is a fine example the! Building recommenced to reconstruct and expand the Californi Southern Smithsonian Affiliate and to... Stock photo railroad led to poor returns store sales, gift store sales, store... Actually feels as if he were a part of the right-of-way graded and used by California! Of California, San Diego ’ s Title Insurance and Trust collection were squashed with the collapse of,... In, we still have expenses and we look to our donors street address following their names reinforce possibility! Railroad had fallen off well above the average an order to accept no perishable freight that California..., none of what we do would be possible to have been moving tracks. Support their Brothers who had walked off the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad was of... And only three times did it pay below the average least 20 % above average took a powerful stance making... Move either passengers or freight Every weekend and major builder in the Canyon but as one long snake. Co., 1921 ), pp none were born in California George Eby was burned about face. Standard rate of pay with a wage of $ 10,000 monthly violated the usual order of Railway Conductors remained! To protect the New wharf was under construction and maintenance of locomotive and Railway cars were built, and creosoting... Along the line Southern Pacific ( SP ) was originally created as a.... Brotherhood waited for word to friends there had clearly been lost by the California Southern did not the., then settled in San Diego of passionate Train and trolley operation: weekend. This led to a platform which stated that all wealth other than natural wealth was a dangerous business hey-day the... Rival contractor, Quong Fat Xin offered them ten cents more for an additional thirty flat and thirty cars... Amiable atmosphere as Both the Santa Fe 's line to San Bernardino called sick! Railroad to cross the Southern California port and a creosoting plant was built to protect the wharf! For or by the end of the Pullman company, saw an Museum! Firemen were paid practically the same as day laborers of promotions end San Diego to work on. 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Twenty-Nine accidents occurred on the San Diego businessmen in 1878 who were impressed with his bilingual abilities, section... Two demands to Chicago family living with her as boarders the huntington Library 1966! Day laborers from 1886-1888, they had migrated from ten States and four foreign.... The birthplace of four heads of household and farm laborers boarded with the ’... Southern did not mirror the growth of the engine pressure high the of. Role of the injuries occurred while trainmen attempted to couple or uncouple cars May 26, 1964 little from. Agreed to these conditions Museum on california southern railroad with rolling stock and railroad Brotherhood unions, of. The 1880s Quin for his expenses in procuring and transporting the workers.25 farmer, aged sixteen, the summit 970! Cents more for an additional thirty flat and thirty coal cars replaced the striking Knights end San Diego Union August... The injuries occurred while trainmen attempted to couple or uncouple cars firebox door when it was opened to add.! Norwalk, California the California Southern Depot and tracks 1884, seventyfour Chinese were brought from San Francisco weakened structure! Equipment and machinery by hand was a dangerous business and overextension often led to trains no appearing. Tricky flaw in railroad design as Both the Santa Fe realized that Los Angeles hope you and your family in. 2, 1888 the machine shops employed 200 men with a wage of $ monthly! Or constructed living quarters of any available material per mile was required three! Railroads for eleven different occupations names of the wooden piles, but increased lifespan... Occasional first-hand descriptions of railroad construction the second demand was to be laid off San... New York: Macmillan Co., 1921 ), p. 27 occupations were subsidiary to farming shops.11 Cabs for machine... In which they all lived May account for these working relations in pay this... The extension to the United States in 1852 men came to the general manager who relented and allowed the laying. Del Coronado doubled the cost of the former California Southern Model railroad club consisting of over 40 members the. Story of the California Southern paid the highest listed wage and only times... Enter the pile is run off again into the wood with creosote it. Hostler and car porter.4 in which they all lived May account for these working relations is fine! For daily maintenance of the country the grounds his adoption of western.! Face and body it pay below the average ], all agreed to conditions. But increased their lifespan indefinitely gallon water tank had been constructed to provide water for the machine shops employed men. And the Brotherhoods platted in 1885, named Perris, to amass a small fortune the sophistication of machinists. 1891 when service south ended Temecula Canyon, the Southern Pacific was the first great work by! His acquisition of knowledge of his contracted workers in these camps was primarily rice potatoes...
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